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 1tp-50x50 The Nature of Identity
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To establish a firmer foundation for the definition of Truth as presented on this website, it is necessary to better understand the nature of Identity.
There are two kinds of identity. Identity of an entity with itself, and identity of two separate entities with each other.

By entity, I mean either an object that occupies space or a concept that resides in minds.

The IS of identity can relate two different entities, Personal Names or Titles.
An example of an identity that refers to a unique person is Mark Twain IS Samuel Clemens. Wherever “Mark Twain” is used, we can substitute “Samuel Clemens” and our propositions will remain valid.

An example of an identity that refers to a Title is Truth IS God.
The terms “Truth” and “God” are TITLES and which are not proper names, thus they do not reference any one person in particular. Just as “President of the US” is a Title and does not reference any one person in particular. It is only when a proper name is given that we can know which one of the many Presidents the speaker is referring to.

In Identity propositions with Names, we can know who they are referring to because a personal name refers to a unique person with unique attributes or history.

In Identity propositions with Titles, we cannot know the person that the proposition is referencing. We need to further define the Title, so that we can know who in particular it is referencing.
Thus in
Truth is God, each term, each Title, must be further defined to be able to apply the Title to a specific person. The propositions must be interpreted.

Now we need to examine the Two different ways that we think of Identity:- The Identity of an entity with itself and the Identity of Two separate entities with each other.
FORMAL  IDENTITY >>> A=A
“A” IS THE SAME AS ITSELF >>> TAUTOLOGY, does not enlighten us.

MATERIAL  IDENTITY >>> A=B
“A” AND “B” ARE THE SAME >>> of value
Roughly speaking: to say of two things that they are identical is nonsense, and to say of one thing that it is identical with itself is to say nothing.
Ludwig Wittgenstein; (1889-1951); Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus; 1922/1999; 5.5303; pg. 83

It would seem to be a necessary truth that if a=b then whatever is truly ascribable to a is truly ascribable to b and vice versa (Leibniz’s Law).
If a is b, how can a have genuine properties b hasn’t, or b have genuine properties a hasn’t?
If we had to know all about a planet in order to name or identify it we could never get started in learning anything about a planet’s history.
D. Wiggins; Identity-Statements
REFERENCES
3 > Anonymous > Aristotle did not discuss the Law of Identity and did not say that A is A > 2006
3 > Bueno, Otávio > Why Identity is Fundamental > 2014
3 > Englebretson, George > A Note on Identity, Reference and Logical Form > 1981
3 > Lowe, E. J. > Identity, Individuality, and Unity > 2003
3 > Wiggins, D. > Identity-Statements > Analytical Philosophy; R. J. Butler > 1965
 
2 > Adams, Marilyn McCord > Ockham on Identity and Distinction > 1976
2 > Anonymous > Identity (philosophy) > 2020
2 > Anonymous > Law of Identity > 2009
2 > Anonymous > Law of Identity: Wikis > 2020
2 > Black, Max > The Identity of Indiscernibles > 1952
2 > David, Marian > Truth as Identity and Truth as Correspondence > 2001
2 > Henlé, Paul; Kallen H.; Langer, S.; eds. > Structure, Method and Meaning > 1951
2 > Hopkins, Burt C. > Numerical Identity and the Constitution of Transcendence in Transcendental Phenomenology > 2016
2 > May, Robert > Frege on Identity Statements > 2000
2 > Morris, Thomas V. > Understanding Identity Statements > 1984
2 > Noonan, Harold > Identity > 2018
2 > Nusenoff, Ronald E. > Frege on Identity Sentences > 1979

1 > Adams, Ernest W. > Two Aspects of Physical Identity > 1978
1 > Adams, Robert Merrihew > Primitive Thisness and Primitive Identity > 1979
1 > Alston, William P.; Bennett, Jonathan > Identity and Cardinality: Geach and Frege > 1984
1 > Anonymous > Identity of Indiscernibles > 2020
1 > Arenhart, Jonas R. Becker > Many Entities, No Identity > 2012
1 > Butterfield, Jeremy > The Hole Truth > 1989
1 > Carraro, Massimiliano; Sacchi, Elisabetta > Cardinality and Identity > 2007
1 > Dodd, Julian > McDowell’s Identity Conception of Truth: A Reply to Fish and MacDonald > 2008
1 > Evans, Gareth > Can There be Vague Objects? > 1978
1 > Forrest, Peter > The Identity of Indiscernibles > 2010
1 > French, Steven; Krause, Decio > Vague Identity and Quantum Non-Individuality > 1995
1 > Gallois, Andre > The Simplicity of Identity > 2005
1 > Geach, Peter T. > Identity > 1967
1 > Geach, Peter T. > Reference and Generality > 1962
1 > Hawley, Katherine > Identity and Indiscernibility > 2009

1 > Hintikka, Jaakko > Definite Descriptions and Self-Identity >
1 > Jantzen, Benjamin C. > No Two Entities Without Identity > 2011
1 > Ketland, Jeffrey > Structuralism and the Identity of Indiscernibles > 2006
1 > Krause, D.; Sant’anna, A. S.; Sartorelli, A. > On the Concept of Identity in Zermelo-Fraenkel-Like Axioms and its Relationship with Quantum Statistics > 2005
1 > Ladyman, James > Mathematical Structuralism and the Identity of Indiscernibles > 2005
1 > Ladyman, James > On the Identity and Diversity of Objects in a Structure > 2007
1 > Ladyman, James; Bigaj, Tomasz > The Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles and Quantum Mechanics > 2010
1 > Lam, Vincent > Entities Without Intrinsic Physical Identity > 2014
1 > Linsky, Leonard > Review: Reference and Generality by Peter T. Geach > 1964
1 > Lowe, E. J. > On the Alleged Necessity of True Identity Statements > 1982
1 > Lowe, E. J. > On the Identity of Artifacts > 1983
1 > Lowe, E. J. > What is a Criterion of Identity > 1989

1 > Mantegani, Nicholas > Instantiation is not Partial Identity > 2013
1 > McGinn, Colin > Logical Properties > 2000
1 > McGinn, Colin > Précis of “Logical Properties: Identity, Existence, Prediction, Necessity, Truth” > 2004
1 > Moore, George Edward > Identity > 1901
1 > Quine, Willard V. O. > Designation & Existence > 1939
1 > Read, Stephen > Identity and Harmony > 2004
1 > Read, Stephen > Identity and Reference > 1978
1 > Salmon, Nathan > Identity Facts > 2002
1 > Sayward, Charles > What is the Logic of Propositional Identity? > 2006
1 > Scheffler, Israel > Comments On The Identity Approach to the Mind-Body Problem > 1965
1 > Sellars, Wilfrid > The Identity Approach to the Mind-Body Problem > 1965
1 > Sidelle, Alan > Identity and the Identity-Like > 1992
1 > Sider, Theodore > Recent Work on Identity Over Time > 2000
1 > Sommers, Fred > Do we need Identity? > 1969
1 > Torza, Alessandro > ‘Identity’ Without Identity > 2012
1 > Williams, Christopher J. F. > Is Identity a Relation? > 1979-80
 
Beale, G. K.; ed. > The Right Doctrine from the Wrong Texts? > 1994
Bell, J. M. > Opacity and Identity > 1970
Borowski, E. J. > Identity and Personal Identity > 1976
Butler, R. J.; ed. > Analytic Philosophy >
Cartwright, Richard > Identity and Substitutivity > 1971
Cartwright, Richard > Philosophical Essays > 1987
Castaneda, Hector-Neri > Individuation and Non-Identity: A New Look > 1975
Castaneda, Hector-Neri > Intensionality and Identity in Human Action and Philosophical Method > 1979
Chisholm, Roderick M. > Identity through Possible Worlds: Some Questions > 1967
Chisholm, Roderick M. > Problems of Identity > 1971
Coburn, Robert C. > Identity and Spatio-temporal Continuity > 1971
Cresswell, M. J. > Review: A Theory of Attributes Based on Modal Logic by E. J. Lemmon > 1972
Feldman, Fred > Leibniz and “Leibniz’ Law” > 1970
Florensky, Pavel > The Pillar and Ground of the Truth > 2004
Geach, Peter T. > Ontological Relativity and Relative Identity > 1973
Hacking, Ian > On the Reality of Existence and Identity > 1978
Hacking, Ian > The Identity of Indiscernibles > 1975
Hartshorne, Charles > Strict & Genetic Identity, an Illustration of the Relations of Logic to Metaphysics > 1951
Hegel, Georg W. F. > Caird: Hegel and the Unity of Opposites > 1957
Hempel, Carl G. > The Thesis of Structural Identity > 1998
Hirsch, Eli > Essence and Identity > 1971
Hirsch, Eli > The Concept of Identity > 1982
Hooker, Michael > Descartes’s Denial of Mind-Body Identity > 1978
Hooker, Michael; ed. > Descartes > 1978
Hume, David > Of Personal Identity > 1968
Jones, O. R. > The Way Things Look and the Way Things are > 1985
Jones, O. R.; Geach. P. T. > Identity and Countability > 1964
Katz, Bernard D. > Davidson on the Identity Theory > 1977
Katz, Bernard D. > The Identity of Indiscernibles Revisited > 1983
Kripke, Saul A. > Identity and Necessity > 1971
Lemmon, E. J.; Henderson, G. P. > Symposium: Is There Only One Correct System of Modal Logic? > 1959
Lewis, David > Vague Identity: Evans Misunderstood > 1988
Lockwood, Michael > Identity and Reference > 1971
Lyon, Ardon J. > Causality > 1967
Lyon, Ardon J. > On Remaining the Same Person > 1980
Lyon, Ardon J. > Problems of Personal Identity > 1988
Margolis, Joseph > Difficulties for Mind-Body Identity Theories > 1971
Martinich, A. P. > Identity and Trinity > 1978
Munitz, Milton K.; ed. > Identity and Individuation > 1971
Parfit, Derek > On “The Importance of Self-Identity” > 1971
Parfit, Derek > Personal Identity > 1971
Parfit, Derek > Personal Identity and Rationality > 1982
Parfit, Derek > The Indeterminacy of Identity: A Reply to Brueckner > 1993
Parfit, Derek > We Are Not Human Beings > 2012
Plantinga, Alvin > Transworld Identity or Worldbound Individuals? > 1973
Quine, Willard V. O. > Notes on Existence and Necessity > 1943
Quine, Willard V. O. > Notes on Existence and Necessity > 1952
Rosenbaum, Stuart E. > The Property Objection and the Principle of Identity > 1977
Routley, Richard; Griffin, Nicholas > Towards a Logic of Relative Identity > 1979
Routley, Richard; Macrae, Valerie > On the Identity of Sensations and Physiological Occurrences > 1966
Ruddick, William > Physical Equations and Identity > 1971
Shoemaker, Sydney > Wiggins on Identity > 1971
Taylor, Richard > Spatial and Temporal Analogies and the Concept of Identity > 1955
Taylor, Richard > Spatial and Temporal Analogies and the Concept of Identity > 1979
Taylor, Richard > The Anatt Doctrine and Personal Identity > 1969
White, Roger > Wittgenstein on Identity > 1978
Wiggins, David > Essentialism, Continuity, and Identity > 1974
Williams, Bernard > Formal and Substantial Individualism > 1984
Williams, Bernard > The Self and the Future > 1970
Williams, Christopher J. F. > What is Identity? > 1989
Woods, John > Essentialism, Self-Identity, and Quantifying In > 1971
Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.
Hebrews 13:8
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